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You think Apple maps are bad?: Hierarchy vs Meritocracy in 18th century Britain

In the age of the iPhone, even with iOS6 maps, it’s hard to imagine how difficult global positioning and timekeeping used to be. I recently learned the story of John Harrison, one of the many brilliant men who paved the way to portability.


In the 18th century, the height of the sun was used to measure north and south, but only the correct time could tell sailors east from west.


Unfortunately, time zones made time a relative concept. In fogs, drifting blind into neighboring time zones caused navigation errors, shipwrecks and the loss of thousands of lives.


In 1714 the British Government offered £20,000 to the person or persons who could solve the problem of time zones, which caused sailors to lose track of east and west and had cost thousands of lives.


The scientists of the day suggested celestial navigation methods that were impossible from a moving ship in changeable weather conditions. Their methods required observatories and controlled conditions which nautical coves could not enjoy.


A man named John Harrison understood that sailors needed to know the time in London wherever they were in order to work out their location. He invented the first reliable, portable clocks from 1737 to 1770. He had solved the problem.


Scientists argued that Harrison should not receive the prize, being “only” a clockmaker.


He received just half of the prize money. He was granted a further stipend, worth less than the half he was owed, when he was an old man after the King of England paid tribute to him.


Similar clocks were used by Captain James Cook on his second voyage across the pacific in 1772. He said the method worked well. Not a bad endorsement. Harrison’s clocks saved the lives of thousands of men before the mast.


In today’s money, the amount out of which Harrison was cheated would amount to around $1.3 million.


Meritocracy is being rewarded for what you do, not what you are.








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